This included torture, the sentence for which was only allowed to be handed down by the episcopal judge known as the "Greve". Cologne is home to numerous universities and colleges,[78][79] and host to some 72,000 students. The French modernised public life, for example by introducing the Napoleonic code and removing the old elites from power. Cologne has a railway service with Deutsche Bahn InterCity and ICE-trains stopping at Köln Hauptbahnhof (Cologne Main Station), Köln Messe/Deutz and Cologne/Bonn Airport. [77] Ports include Köln-Deutz, Köln-Godorf, and Köln-Niehl I and II. In contrast to this, the Nord-Süd-Fahrt ("North-South-Drive") was actually completed, a new four/six-lane city centre through-route, which had already been anticipated by planners such as Fritz Schumacher in the 1920s. [81], Lauder Morijah School (German: Lauder-Morijah-Schule), a Jewish school in Cologne, previously closed. The long name was soon abbreviated to CCAA. The city's highest point is 118 m (387 ft) above sea level (the Monte Troodelöh) and its lowest point is 37.5 m (123 ft 0 in) above sea level (the Worringer Bruch). [30] Still temperatures can vary noticeably over the course of a month with warmer and colder weather. 163 people in Cologne were over the age of 100. She was born in Cologne in 15 or 16. Road building had been a major issue in the 1920s under the leadership of mayor Konrad Adenauer. The democratic parties lost the local elections in Cologne in March 1933 to the Nazi Party and other right wing parties. Dezember 2019", Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW, "bomber command – mines laid – flight august – 1945 – 1571 – Flight Archive", "Rote Funken – Kölsche Funke rut-wieß vun 1823 e.V. The master plan took into consideration the fact that even shortly after the war a large increase in automobile traffic could be anticipated. Social housing projects were considered exemplary and were copied by other German cities. Ara Ubiorum became the capital of Germania Inferior and in 50, it was promoted to the rank of colonia, known as Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, which means "Claudius' Colony near the Altar of the Agrippinians" - the latter being the new name of the Ubians, who wanted to honor Agrippina Minor, the wife of of the emperor Claudius. The Nazis then arrested the Communist and Social Democrats members of the city assembly, and Mayor Adenauer was dismissed. The cathedral, started in 1248 but abandoned around 1560, was eventually finished in 1880 not just as a place of worship but also as a German national monument celebrating the newly founded German empire and the continuity of the German nation since the Middle Ages. Mit der U-Bahn in die Römerzeit. In Cologne, the carnival season officially starts on 11 November at 11 minutes past 11 a.m. with the proclamation of the new Carnival Season, and continues until Ash Wednesday. Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium synonyms, Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium pronunciation, Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium translation, English dictionary definition of Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium. La Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (odierna Köln), cioè Colonia, era la capitale dell'antica provincia romana della Germania Inferiore, una delle più grandi città a nord delle Alpi. There were 546,498 women and 522,694 men in Cologne. It is known that in the early second century it was a bishop's seat. The city is "Germany's capital of TV crime stories". The main literary figure connected with Cologne is the writer Heinrich Böll, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature. Die CCAA war Hauptstadt der römischen Provinz Germania inferior (Niedergermanien) und Hauptquartier des niedergermanischen Heeres. Kölsch is one of the very few city dialects in Germany, which also include the dialect spoken in Berlin, for example. [59] The city also has the most pubs per capita in Germany. [72], Cologne has also become the first German city with a population of more than a million people to declare climate emergency.[73]. In 1874, during the Kulturkampf, Archbishop Paul Melchers was imprisoned before taking asylum in the Netherlands. Castellum Divitia - römisches Kastell in Köln-Deutz. Ger. [70] The largest employer in Cologne is Ford Europe, which has its European headquarters and a factory in Niehl (Ford-Werke GmbH). Germaniko ren alaba eta Klaudio erromatar enperadorearen emaztea izan zen. Even in peace time, these fortifications must have impressed any visitor. As of 2015, 35.5% of the population belonged to the Catholic Church, the largest religious body, and 15.5% to the Evangelical Church. Compared to other German cities, Cologne has a traffic layout that is not very bicycle-friendly. )[15][16] By 1939 the population had risen to 772,221 inhabitants. It was the capital of the Roman province of Germania Inferior and the headquarters of the military in the region. The city's Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom) is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Cologne. [85] The first golf club in North Rhine-Westphalia was founded in Cologne in 1906. Several orchestras are active in the city, among them the Gürzenich Orchestra, which is also the orchestra of the Cologne Opera and the WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne (German State Radio Orchestra), both based at the Cologne Philharmonic Orchestra Building (Kölner Philharmonie). Show place in AWMC's Antiquity À-la-carte, Google Earth, or Pelagios' Peripleo. With slightly over a million inhabitants (1.09 million) within its city boundaries, Cologne is the largest city on the Rhine and also the most populous city of both the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region and the Rhineland. There are many institutions of higher education in the city, most notably the University of Cologne (Universität zu Köln), one of Europe's oldest and largest universities;[2] the Technical University of Cologne (Technische Hochschule Köln), Germany's largest university of applied sciences; and the German Sport University Cologne (Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln), Germany's only sport university. [43] It is part of the polycentric megacity region Rhine-Ruhr with a population of over 11,000,000 people. The German flag carrier Lufthansa and its subsidiary Lufthansa CityLine have their main corporate headquarters in Cologne. Cologne is regularly affected by flooding from the Rhine and is considered the most flood-prone European city. In these rooms, which are currently accessible, Vitellius was recognized as emperor. During the Middle Ages the city flourished as being located on one of the most important major trade routes between east and western Europe. The city was not only an entertainment center, but also an important port of transshipment. After reunification in 1990, Berlin was made the capital of Germany. Cologne has several museums. Industrialisation changed the city and spurred its growth. Düsseldorf is also linked by S-Bahn trains, which are operated by Deutsche Bahn. Near the river port must have been a sanctuary of the river god Rhenus (Rhine) and Portunus, the god of river trade and ports. Cologne was also an important hotbed for electronic music in the 1950s (Studio für elektronische Musik, Karlheinz Stockhausen) and again from the 1990s onward. Historically, Cologne has always been an important trade city, with land, air, and sea connections. Jüdisches Leben in Köln von den Anfängen bis heute. ", "Tensions rise in Germany over handling of mass sexual assaults in Cologne", "1075 Anzeigen nach Kölner Silvesternacht – 73 Verdächtige", "Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - Stadtklima Köln - Klimawandelgerechte Metropole Köln - Strategie zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel (KÖLN_21)", "Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - CDC (Climate Data Center)", "Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - Klimadaten weltweit - Klimadaten Deutschland", "Aktuelle Wetterinformationen - Meteorologie Köln -", "Flood Forecasting and Flood Defence in Cologne", "Stadtentwässerungsbetriebe Köln : Flood Management", "International trade and institutional change: A death in Venice", "1 081 701 Kölnerinnen und Kölner in 2016", "St. Thomas Aquinas > By Individual Philosopher > Philosophy", "Zensus 2011: Bevölkerung im regionalen Vergleich nach Religion (ausführlich) in %", "Nordrhein-Westfalen: Religions- und Weltanschauungsgemeinschaften, die auf Landesebene den Status "Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts" besitzen", "Muslime in den Großstädten beim Zensus 2011", "Cologne: Germany's Oldest Jewish Community", "Oberbürgermeisterwahl – Wahl des/der Oberbürgermeisters/in 2015 in der Stadt Köln – Gesamtergebnis", "Stichwahl der Oberbürgermeisterin / des Oberbürgermeisters - Kommunalwahlen 2020 in der Stadt Köln - Gesamtergebnis", "In NRW behaupten sich immer mehr exotische Vögel", "Tourism results for 2016: Moderate decrease in visitor numbers due to difficult general conditions", "Offizielle Webseite des Kölner Doms | Bedeutende Werke", "Strategic Management Society – Cologne Conference – Cologne Information", "Carnival – Cologne's "fifth season" – Cologne Sights & Events – Stadt Köln", "Kölner Digitalwirtschaft gut aufgestellt", "Cologne becomes first big German city to declare climate emergency", "High-speed trains to link England and Germany", "Hochschulen – Wissensdurst KĂśln – Das KĂślner Wissenschaftsportal", "Cologne Adult Education Centre – City of Cologne", "Soviet immigration, once a bane of Germany's Jews, has become their salvation", Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cologne&oldid=1008120580, Populated places established in the 1st century BC, Articles with German-language sources (de), Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox German location with unknown parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Beste Fans der Welt! Infos und Fakten rund um das schöne Colonia. Thus this region later became part of Napoleon's Empire. Since 2014, the city has hosted ESL One Cologne, one of the biggest CS GO tournaments held annually in July/August at Lanxess Arena. The town wall of Cologne, which was built in the first decade of the first century, was 2½ meters wide and eight meters high, and had nine gates and twenty-one towers. The first bishop was a man named Maternus of Trier. These soldiers were part of the Army of the Holy Roman Empire ("Reichskontingent") and fought in the wars of the 17th and 18th century, including the wars against revolutionary France, when the small force was almost completely wiped out in combat. Cologne features regional and international authors. In the 1980s and 1990s Cologne's economy prospered for two main reasons. Köln 2012, 2015-16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany, Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs, Max Planck Institute for the Biology of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany, New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany, "Bevölkerung der Gemeinden Nordrhein-Westfalens am 31. After the battle in the Teutoburg Forest in September 9 CE, I Germanica and XX Valeria Victrix are known to have stayed at Ara Ubiorum, but after 28, the town was no longer in use as a military settlement, although there was an important naval base to the south, now known as Köln-Alteburg. In other towns, actors had to use amphitheaters. The permanent tensions between the Roman Catholic Rhineland and the overwhelmingly Protestant Prussian state repeatedly escalated with Cologne being in the focus of the conflict. The Cologne carnival is one of the largest street festivals in Europe. As part of the demilitarisation of the Rhineland, the city's fortifications had to be dismantled. The Cologne Stadtbahn operated by Kölner Verkehrsbetriebe (KVB)[76] is an extensive light rail system that is partially underground and serves Cologne and a number of neighbouring cities. [2] Its oldest university, the University of Cologne (founded in 1388)[3] is the largest university in Germany, as the Cologne University of Applied Sciences is the largest university of Applied Sciences in the country. According to the Peace Treaty of Lunéville (1801) all the territories of the Holy Roman Empire on the left bank of the Rhine were officially incorporated into the French Republic (which had already occupied Cologne in 1794). It is also one of the cloudiest cities in Germany, with just 1567.5 hours of sun a year. Galerie Karsten Greve, one of the leading galleries for postwar and contemporary art. Precipitation is spread evenly throughout the year with a light peak in summer due to showers and thunderstorms. Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (Cologne, Germany) was a key site of the Germanic Ubii that became a Roman colony in the first century AD. [53], City Councillors are elected for a five-year term and the Mayor has a six-year term.[54]. Thus, the city today is characterized by simple and modest post-war buildings, with a few interspersed pre-war buildings which were reconstructed due to their historical importance. Looking for Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium? The airport is shared with the neighbouring city of Bonn. Colonies were considered to be little copies of Rome, which implied that Cologne had to have a Capitol of its own, a temple dedicated to the Capitoline Triad. Some buildings of the "Wiederaufbauzeit" (era of reconstruction), for example, the opera house by Wilhelm Riphahn, are nowadays regarded as classics of modern architecture. [83] A third of all German TV productions are made in the Cologne region. In 50 AD, the Romans founded Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (Cologne) on the river Rhine[3][6] and the city became the provincial capital of Germania Inferior in 85 AD. For every 1,000 males, there were 1,046 females. Instead, it became the capital of Germania Inferior and in 50, it was promoted to the rank of colonia and received a new name: Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, from which the German name Köln and the English Cologne are derived. [85], The city has hosted several athletic events which includes the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup, 2006 FIFA World Cup, 2007 World Men's Handball Championship, 2010 and 2017 Ice Hockey World Championships and 2010 Gay Games.[6]. Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium bei Wortbedeutung.info: Bedeutung, Definition, Synonyme, Übersetzung, Herkunft, Rechtschreibung. Cologne was occupied by the British Army of the Rhine until 1926, under the terms of the Armistice and the subsequent Versailles Peace Treaty. In 953, the archbishops of Cologne first gained noteworthy secular power when bishop Bruno was appointed as duke by his brother Otto I, King of Germany. The destruction of 95% of the city centre, including the famous Twelve Romanesque churches such as St. Gereon, Great St. Martin, St. Maria im Kapitol and several other monuments in World War II, meant a tremendous loss of cultural treasures. The sheltered climate in southeast Northrhine-Westphalia allows these birds to survive through the winter, and in some cases, they are displacing native species. Located in the Rhine-Ruhr area, Cologne is one of the warmest cities in Germany. In 2008 Cologne had 4.31 million overnight stays booked and 2.38 million arrivals. [83] Furthermore, the city hosts the Cologne Comedy Festival, which is considered to be the largest comedy festival in mainland Europe.[84]. This was not completed until 1933. Cologne's international airport is Cologne/Bonn Airport (CGN). In 2015, there were 557,090 households, of which 18.3% had children under the age of 18; 50.6% of all households were made up of singles. [86] Cologne also hosts FC Viktoria Köln 1904 and SC Fortuna Köln, who currently play in the 3. Safe as it was, Cologne was, in the third century, the only town in Germania Inferior that continued to grow. [2] Today, the Cologne trade fair (Koelnmesse) ranks as a major European trade fair location with over 50 trade fairs[2] and other large cultural and sports events. Generally, around a million people celebrate in the streets on the Thursday before Ash Wednesday. Of the twelve medieval city gates that once existed, only the Eigelsteintorburg at Ebertplatz, the Hahnentor at Rudolfplatz and the Severinstorburg at Chlodwigplatz still stand today. A Rhine crossing of a special kind is provided by the Cologne Cable Car (German: Kölner Seilbahn), a cableway that runs across the Rhine between the Cologne Zoological Garden in Riehl and the Rheinpark in Deutz. A selection of the tallest buildings in Cologne is listed below. Liga (third division) and the Regionalliga West (fourth division) respectively. It is also called Konrad Adenauer Airport after Germany's first post-war Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, who was born in the city and was mayor of Cologne from 1917 until 1933. [21][22] By the end of the war, the population of Cologne had been reduced by 95 percent. [85] They are based at Lanxess Arena.[85]. Die Römer nannten die Stadt wohl später kurz (Colonia) Agrippina. The record high temperature of 40.3 °C (105 °F) happened on 25 July 2019 during the July 2019 European heat wave in which Cologne saw three consecutive days over 38.0 °C (100 °F). Bundesliga. [7] From 260 to 271, Cologne was the capital of the Gallic Empire under Postumus, Marius, and Victorinus. Today, Cologne has an excellent museum on the Roman presence in Germania Inferior. [3] An alternative Latin name of the settlement is Augusta Ubiorum, after the Ubii. Cologne-Bonn Airport is the second largest freight terminal in Germany. The public radio and TV station WDR was involved in promoting musical movements such as Krautrock in the 1970s; the influential Can was formed there in 1968. It has a temperate–oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) with cool winters and warm summers. opposite to the cathedral with a 103 m (338 ft) high viewing platform and a view of the cathedral over the Rhine. [86] The International Olympic Committee and Internationale Vereinigung Sport- und Freizeiteinrichtungen e.V. COLONIA CLAUDIA ARA AGRIPPINENSIUM, în dreapta Rinului se afla Castellum Divitia - Reconstituire a orașului din Antichitate, în Muzeul Romano-Germanic din Köln. Cologne ( English: / kəˈloʊn / kə-LOHN; German: Köln [kœln] ( listen); Kölsch: Kölle [ˈkœlə] ( listen); Latin: Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, usually shortened to Colonia Agrippina) is the largest city of Germany's most populous federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and … Im Mittelalter waren die Bezeichnungen Coellen und Coeln (am Rhein) bzw. The Napoleonic code remained in use on the left bank of the Rhine until 1900, when a unified civil code (the Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch) was introduced in the German Empire. [10] Cologne was a member of the Hanseatic League in 1475, when Frederick III confirmed the city's imperial immediacy.[3]. In 2005, the first stretch of an eight-lane motorway in North Rhine-Westphalia was opened to traffic on Bundesautobahn 3, part of the eastern section of the Cologne Beltway between the interchanges Cologne East and Heumar. The city was the capital of a Roman province until it was occupied by the Ripuarian Franks in 462. [62] The Renaissance-style loggia and tower were added in the 15th century. This has led to the common joke of Kölsch being the only language one can drink. This has often led to an unusual proportional distribution in the city government and degenerated at times into corruption: in 1999, a "waste scandal" over kickbacks and illegal campaign contributions came to light, which led not only to the imprisonment of the entrepreneur Hellmut Trienekens, but also to the downfall of almost the entire leadership of the ruling Social Democrats. FC Köln,[85] who play in the 1. Due to the economic success of the Cologne Trade Fair, the city arranged a large extension to the fair site in 2005. Ein Handbuch zu den archäologischen Ausgrabungstätten rund um den Bau der Nord-Süd Stadtbahn. A large collection of Roman glassware, Romisch-Germanisches Museum, Cologne (8119415040).jpg 4,288 × 3,216; 5.1 MB The intersection of these trade routes were the basis of Cologne's growth. It evolved from the tram system. As they wore a red uniform, these troops were known as the Rote Funken (red sparks). 1,046 heavy bombers attacked their target with 1,455 tons of explosives, approximately two-thirds of which were incendiary. Cologne prospered during the Weimar Republic (1919–33), and progress was made especially in public governance, city planning, housing and social affairs. Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium During the rule of Augustus (30 BC to AD 14), the Ara Ubiorum (Altar of the Ubii) was constructed within the city limits. ICE Trains to London via the Channel Tunnel were planned for 2013.[75]. By the end of the 12th century, the Archbishop of Cologne was one of the seven electors of the Holy Roman Emperor. Various interest groups often form networks beyond party boundaries. (Significantly, the number of votes cast for the Nazi Party in Reichstag elections had always been the national average. [42], Cologne residents with a foreign citizenship as of 31 December 2015 is as follows:[44]. [64] Other orchestras are the Musica Antiqua Köln and the WDR Rundfunkorchester Köln, and several choirs, including the WDR Rundfunkchor Köln. This legal situation lasted until the French conquest of Cologne. [68] In competition with Düsseldorf, the economy of Cologne is primarily based on insurance and media industries,[69] while the city is also an important cultural and research centre and home to a number of corporate headquarters. Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (kurz Colonia Agrippina, auch CCAA, deutsch „Claudische Kolonie und Opferstätte der Agrippinenser“, frei übersetzt „Stadt römischen Rechtes der Agrippinenser, unter Kaiser Claudius 50 n. Chr. Other tall structures include the Hansahochhaus (designed by architect Jacob Koerfer and completed in 1925 – it was at one time Europe's tallest office building), the Kranhaus buildings at Rheinauhafen, and the Messeturm Köln ("trade fair tower"). The main road from Bavay and Tongeren to the trade center Cologne (sometimes called Via Belgica) was therefore of vital importance for the survival of the enormous army of the Lower Rhine. To the best of our current knowledge, this was the only real theater in Germania Inferior. [23] In order to weaken the secular nobility, who threatened his power, Otto endowed Bruno and his archiepiscopal successors with the prerogatives of secular princes, thus establishing the Electorate of Cologne, formed by the temporal possessions of the archbishopric and included in the end a strip of territory along the left Bank of the Rhine east of Jülich, as well as the Duchy of Westphalia on the other side of the Rhine, beyond Berg and Mark. The incursions of the Franks had caused the depopulation of the countryside, which meant that other towns declined. Roughly at the same time, a city centre bypass (Stadtautobahn) was planned, but only partially put into effect, due to opposition by environmental groups. Archbishop Sigfried II von Westerburg was forced to reside in Bonn. Cologne continued to prosper and could boast of some 25,000 inhabitants within the walls and about the same number of people in its immediate vicinity. The bridge across the Rhine was, on the opposite bank of the river, defended by a small fort, Divitia. Christianity must have arrived in the late third or early fourth century. This loss was mainly caused by a massive evacuation of the people to more rural areas. Cologne is headquarters to the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). The plumage of Cologne's green parrots is highly visible even from a distance, and contrasts starkly with the otherwise muted colours of the cityscape. By the end of the war, essentially all of Cologne's pre-war Jewish population of 11,000 had been deported or killed by the Nazis. In 1945 architect and urban planner Rudolf Schwarz called Cologne the "world's greatest heap of rubble". The observation deck has been closed since 1992. FC Köln! Kölsch is also the name of the local dialect. Nearby Bonn is linked by both the Stadtbahn and main line railway trains, and occasional recreational boats on the Rhine. [66] The rivalry has been described as a "love–hate relationship". [3] Cologne is shown on the 4th century Peutinger Map. The Free Imperial City of Cologne must not be confused with the Electorate of Cologne which was a state of its own within the Holy Roman Empire. The same happened in many other German cities in the last two years of war. In 1919 the University of Cologne, closed by the French in 1798, was reopened. Ara das hier das Ara Ubiorum stand. [4] "Cologne", the French version of the city's name, has become standard in English as well. The Cologne University of Music and Dance is the largest conservatory in Europe. [2] The city has five Rhine ports,[2] the second largest inland port in Germany and one of the largest in Europe. Today, the church of St Maria im Kapital still stands on the artificial hill on which the Roman sanctuary was built. Häfen und Güterverkehr Köln (Ports and Goods traffic Cologne, HGK) is one of the largest operators of inland ports in Germany. The Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn has 5 lines which cross Cologne.The S13/S19 runs 24/7 between Cologne Hbf and Cologne/Bonn airport. Other large companies based in Cologne include the REWE Group, TÜV Rheinland, Deutz AG and a number of Kölsch breweries. Media in category "Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium" The following 58 files are in this category, out of 58 total. He decided to use the house number given to the factory at Glockengasse during the French occupation in the early 19th century, 4711. – Rote Funken Koeln", "Voting results 1919–1933 Cologne-Aachen", "The National Archives | World War II | Western Europe 1939-1945: Hamburg | Why did the RAF bomb cities? In 1837 the archbishop of Cologne, Clemens August von Droste-Vischering, was arrested and imprisoned for two years after a dispute over the legal status of marriages between Protestants and Roman Catholics (Mischehenstreit).